# fluid.clip¶

## ErrorClipByValue¶

class paddle.fluid.clip.ErrorClipByValue(max, min=None)[source]

Clips tensor values to the range [min, max].

Given a tensor t, this operation clips its value to min and max inplace.

• Any values less than min are set to min.
• Any values greater than max are set to max.
Parameters: max (float) – The maximum value to clip by. min (float, optional) – The minimum value to clip by. if not set by user, will be set to -max by framework.

Examples

var = fluid.framework.Variable(..., error_clip=ErrorClipByValue(max=5.0), ...)


class paddle.fluid.clip.GradientClipByGlobalNorm(clip_norm, group_name='default_group')[source]

Clips values of multiple tensors by the ratio of the sum of their norms.

Given a list of tensors t_list, and a clipping ratio clip_norm, this operation returns a list of clipped tensors list_clipped and the global norm (global_norm) of all tensors in t_list.

To perform the clipping, the values $t\_list[i]$ are set to:

$t\_list[i] = t\_list[i] * \frac{clip\_norm}{\max(global\_norm, clip\_norm)}$

where:

$global\_norm = \sqrt{\sum_{i=0}^{N-1}(l2norm(t\_list[i]))^2}$

If $clip\_norm > global\_norm$ then the entries in t_list remain as they are, otherwise they’re all shrunk by the global ratio.

Parameters: clip_norm (float) – The maximum norm value group_name (str, optional) – The group name for this clip.

Examples

p_g_clip = fluid.backward.append_backward(loss=avg_cost_clip)

with fluid.program_guard(main_program=prog_clip):


class paddle.fluid.clip.GradientClipByNorm(clip_norm)[source]

Clips tensor values to a maximum L2-norm.

This operator limits the L2 norm of the input $X$ within $max\_norm$. If the L2 norm of $X$ is less than or equal to $max\_norm$, $Out$ will be the same as $X$. If the L2 norm of $X$ is greater than $max\_norm$, $X$ will be linearly scaled to make the L2 norm of $Out$ equal to $max\_norm$, as shown in the following formula:

$Out = \frac{max\_norm * X}{norm(X)},$

where $norm(X)$ represents the L2 norm of $X$.

Parameters: clip_norm (float) – The maximum norm value

Examples

w_param_attrs = flui.ParamAttr(name=None,
initializer=fluid.initializer.UniformInitializer(low=-1.0, high=1.0, seed=0),
learning_rate=1.0,
regularizer=fluid.regularizer.L1Decay(1.0),
trainable=True,
y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, param_attr=w_param_attrs)


class paddle.fluid.clip.GradientClipByValue(max, min=None)[source]

Clips gradient values to the range [min, max].

Given a tensor t, this operation clips its value to min and max inplace.

• Any values less than min are set to min.
• Any values greater than max are set to max.
Parameters: max (float) – The maximum value to clip by. min (float, optional) – The minimum value to clip by. if not set by user, will be set to -max by framework.

Examples

w_param_attrs = fluid.ParamAttr(name=None,
initializer=fluid.initializer.UniformInitializer(low=-1.0, high=1.0, seed=0),
learning_rate=1.0,
regularizer=fluid.regularizer.L1Decay(1.0),
trainable=True,